Tuesday, 26 February 2013

Suku Kaum Bidayuh Sarawak

 

KAUM BIDAYUH

Kaum Bidayuh adalah adalah masyarakat yang mendiami kawasan barat daya Sarawak,
terutamanya Bahagian Serian, Kuching dan di barat Kalimantan. Mereka terdiri daripada empat
etnik iaitu;-

1)  Selakau/Lara (Daerah Lundu)
2)  Jagoi/Singai (Daerah Bau)
3)  Biatah (Daerah Kecil Padawan)
4)  Bukar/Sadong (Daerah Serian)

Mereka kebanyakan beragama Kristian. Hanya sebahagian sahaja yang menganut agama Islam dan
animisme.

Pada zaman dahulukala, kaum Bidayuh tinggal di rumah panjang. Lazimnya penempatan rumah
panjang suku kaum Bidayuh terletak jauh di kawasan perdalaman dan  tanah tinggi. Ini adalah bagi
tujuan keselamatan iaitu sukar untuk dikesan oleh musuh. Struktur rumah panjang kaum Bidayuh
tidak jauh bezanya dengan struktur rumah panjang masyarakat Iban di Sarawak. Atap rumah panjang
kaum Bidayuh diperbuat daripada atap rumbia atau sagu, manakala dindingnya pula daripada buluh.
Pelantar atau lantai rumah panjang pula diperbat daripada papan atau buluh manakala tiangnya pula
dipebuat daripada kayu belian.
Rumah panjang masyarakat Bidayuh terbahagi kepada tiga bahagian iaitu bilik utama, awah dan
tanju. Bilik utama dapat kita samakan dengan ruang utama kediaman pada masa sekarang. Di bilik
ini, Masyarakat Bidayuh lazimnya meletakkan barang-barang peribadi milik keluarga dan keturunan
mereka seperti gong, tempayan, tembikar dan sebagainya. Ruang ini juga berfungsi sebagai tempat
tidur di kala malam hari. Awah pula adalah bahagian pelantar di luar rumah panjang masyarakat
Bidayuh dan lazimnya ia bertutup dan beratap. Ia dapatlah disamakan dengan berandah rumah pada
dewasa ini. Di awah, masyarakat Bidayuh menjalankan aktiviti-aktiviti harian mereka seperti
menganyam, berbual, membuat peralatan bertani dan sebagainya. Ruangan awah juga akan
digunakan untuk sebarang upacara keagamaan seperti perkahwinan, pantang-larang dan pesta-pesta
tertentu seperti Gawai dan sebagainya. Tanju pula adalah bahagian terluar di dalam rumah panjang
masyarakat Bidayuh. Bahagian tanju agak terdedah dan lazimnya ia tidak berdinding mahupun
beratap. Tanju lazimnya digunakan untuk menjemur hasil tuaian masyarakat Bidayuh seperti padi,
lada, jagung dan sebagainya.


BAHASA BIDAYUH

Bahasa Bidayuh agak unik berbanding bahasa lain yang terdapat di Sarawak. Keunikan ini
adalah berdasarkan sebutan, pertuturan, gerak gaya dan alunan yang dipertuturkan. Lazimnya bahasa
Bidayuh akan berubah intonasi dan bahasa mengikut kampung dan daerah tertentu. Ini menyebabkan
suku kaum lain sukar untuk berkomunikasi antara satu sama lain sekiranya mereka dari suku dan
daerah yang berlainan. Sebagai contoh suku Bidayuh dari kawasan Serian menyebut "makan" ialah
"ma-an" mankala suku Bidayuh dari kawasan Bau pula menyebut "makan " sebagai "man".




PAKAIAN TRADISIONAL BIDAYUH

Warna hitam adalah warna utama dalam pemakaian masyarakat Bidayuh. Bagi kaum wanita masyarakat Bidayuh,
pakaian lengkap adalah termasuk baju berlengan pendek atau separuh lengan dan sepasang kain sarung
berwarna hitam paras lutu yang dihiasi dengan manik pelbagai warna disulami dengan kombinasi
warna utama iaitu putih, kuning dan merah. Tudung kecil separuh tinggi dengan corak anyaman yang
indah atau penutup kepala daripada kain berwarna warni dengan sulaman manik halus adalah pelengkap
hiasan kepala wanita masyarakat Bidayuh. Kaum lelaki masyarakat Bidayuh pula lazimnya mengenakan
sepasang persalinan berbentuk baju hitam separa lengan atau berlengan pendek dengan sedikit corak
berunsur flora dan seluar hitam atau cawat yang berwarna asas seperti biru, merah dan putih. Kain lilit
kepala pula adalah pelengkap hiasan kepala kaum lelaki masyarakat ini.



MUZIK MASYARAKAT BIDAYUH

Bagi masyarakat Bidayuh, muzik memainkan peranan yang penting dalam setiap upacara keagamaan
yang mereka jalankan. Muzik ini berperanan menaikkan semangat, mengusir roh jahat dan sebagai
pententeram kepada semangat roh. Muzik juga memainkan peranan dalam pemberitahuan motif sesuatu
upacara yang dijalankan. Umumnya, muzik tradisional masyarakat Bidayuh terdiri daripada sepasang
gong besar, canang, gendangdan tawak (sejenis gong kecil). Terdapat juga alat muzik tradisional yang
lain seperti serunai/seluring dan gitar buluh. Namun alat muzik seperti ini amat kurang dimainkan
kerana proses pembuatan yang amat rumit.




SENJATA TRADISIONAL BIDAYUH

Lembing, tombak parang ilang (parang pendek). sumpit, "jepur" (seakan samurai} dan "rira"
{meriam kecil} adalah peralatan senjata yang lazimnya digunakan oleh masyarakat Bidayuh untuk
berperang pada zaman dahulukala. Maakala peralatan senjata seperti parang, cangkul dan sabit
selalunya digunakan untuk aktiviti pertanian.

adat istiadat

BUDAYA KALIMANTAN BARAT.


Kalimantan barat semua pasti sudah tahu letaknay ada di kalimantan bagian barat, provinsi ini mempunyai kebudayaan yang unik karena berbatasan langsung dengan negara tetangga disini akan kita lihat ada berbagai budaya yang ada di kalimantan barat ada budaya dayak yang eksotis dan magis.

Budaya yang unik dari pakain adat sampai tariannya juga kehidupan masyarakatnya yang menyatu dengan alam sungguh budaya yang tiada duanya, ada juga budaya melayu yang unik juga disini ada juga budaya tionghoa tepatnya di kota singkawang yang sudah menjadi bagian dari kalimantan barat, inilah beberapa foto budaya kalimantan barat budaya bumi borneo sebutan untuk pulau kalimantan

TARI AJAT TEMUAI DATAI
tari perang
Dayak Kalbar costume
dayak
budaya dayak kalbar
budaya dayak
dayak kalbar
tarian dayak
alat musik suku dayak
pakain adat
budaya melayu yang ada di kalimantan barat
budaya melayu kalbar

istana kerajaan sangau

Tuesday, 19 February 2013

Melanau food: Tebaloi





Tebaloi - Sarawak Sago Snack

This traditional Sarawak Snack, is a delicacy of the Melanau People of Sarawak. It is taken as a snack and served to guests with tea and coffee.

The unique taste of Tebaloi is so special that it has become a very popular snack for all race in Sarawak.




The main producing areas of Tebaloi are in the Mukah and Dalat Districts along the coastal region of the Mukah Division. These areas favour large plantations of sago palms which produce sago powder, the main ingredient used in the processing of Tebaloi.




# Contents :
Sago flour, Coconut, Sugar, Eggs and permitted Colouring.



Tebaloi Recipe


Ingredients :

250g sago flour
40g/ 1 egg
80g/ 8 tbsp caster sugar
200g/ ½ grated coconut
1 tsp yellow food coloring, if desired
A few banana leaves

Methods :

1. Beat egg and sugar until fine.

2. Add in yellow food coloring and mix well.

3. Add grated coconut and sago flour into the mixture. Mix well.

4. Pour mixture onto the banana leaf and level it thinly. Bake in an oven at 280ÂșC.

5. When the tebaloi layer is half cooked, remove from oven.

6. Separate the tebaloi from the banana leaf.

7. Cut into require size and bake again until it is fully cooked or golden brown.

8. Remove and cool.

9. Store in an airtight container.




Cooking Tips

This is an original recipe from the Melanau. Suitable as a snack or during tea break.
This recipe results in 20 pieces of tebaloi measuring 7 cm x 9 cm.
The modification from the original recipe is in reducing the amount of egg, sugar and grated coconut.


Melanau food

Melanaus had a variety of traditional foods. But the famous food which all the Melanaus like it, which is traditional Umai (Melanau Sashimi).The umai is made by the raw fish. Mostly the fisherman use the red fish to make umai as it taste sweet. The fish must be fresh and still half alive as it flesh will be tender, sweet and tasty. There is the way how to make it. The fish must be cut precisely to get rid of its bone and the skin. The flesh is the most essential ingredients for making the Umai. Then, it will mix it up with the one cup of slice onion, two cups of lime juice, 3 spoons of chillies and lastly the crush of grounds peanut.

Not only Umai, Linut also being famous as the staple food for the Melanaus. It is made from the sago palm trees. The sago flour is mixed it up with hot water. And it will form a clump of glue and continuously mix it up with hot water and the final results; it will appear sticky and solid as glue. Linut is best eaten with the chilli prawn paste while it is still hot.
Sago is the a little tiny sago which being made manually by hand. They are best being eaten with the dry fish, curry, and Umai. The taste of sago is salty and creamy. It can replace rice as it have high carbohydrate levels and good for diabetics.

Story abaut the Melanau life

The Melanau Tall House is a type of longhouse of the Melanau tribe of Sarawak. The Melanau people consists of 5.8% of Sarawak's population. They live mostly in the central coastal region, between the Rajang and Baram rivers. Some of the Melanaus are Muslims, some Christians and the balance still animists. Melanaus are skilled fishermen and boat builders. They are renowned for their massive longhouses, many reaching forty feet high.




Earthenware jars in the Melanau kitchen. Note the tree-trunk ladder.


The Melanau's staple food is sago, which they prefer over rice. Sago palms originally grow wild, but the Melanaus have cultivated them. The sago is the starch obtained from the pith of the sago palm. To get the sago, the Melanau fell the pall at the right stage of maturity. The wedges of sago pith are rasped into a coarse, wet mash. It is then piled on strong mats and trodden in shallow troughs by the Melanau womenfolk in huts specially built for this purpose. The starch settles in the bottom. Then water is added to it, and the paste is further drained, kneaded, and dried as sago flour. Melanau sago products include dry pellets, grits, and several types of sago biscuits.

Melanau healers or dukun use sick images, figurines that literally represent the illnesses. The Melanau dukun has an elaborate system of ceremonies for curing all kinds of illnesses. The more serious the illness, the more complicated the ceremonies. If all effort fails, he will perform a berayun ceremony, which can last five to nine nights. In such ceremonies, the dukun uses sickness images. The sickness images actually represent the spirit causing the illnesses. The dukun extracts the illness from the patient into the image, which he then sets adrift in the river or hidden in the jungle.

Besides sickness images, the Melanau also carves fetishes for good luck in fishing, effigies of those lost at sea, figurines for ritual burial, and other magical paraphernalia. In the past, they also create massive burial posts, usually for aristocrats. These consists of the Kelirieng (burial pole) and the Salong (burial hut). A kelirieng is made of a huge hardwood tree trunk, elaborately carved from top to bottom. It is hollowed at the top to place the jar containing the chief's bones. A heavy stone slab is surmounted on the top of the pole, the size of which is more than six feet in diameter and can be up to 32 feet tall above the ground.





The Melanau Tall House at the Sarawak Cultural Village.


Another view of the Melanau Tall House.


Bamboo dance demonstration.


Ladder into the house.


A collection of Martaban jars in one corner.


The kitchen area.


Ceiling ornaments of tree bark.

Monday, 18 February 2013

Z Homme Jeans with Corduroy Pocket

Z Homme



The Z Homme Jeans with Corduroy Pocket feature corduroy pocket details, belt loops and stitching details.

Z Homme is a collection of amazing finds the ARED team has discovered during the course of our travels. These items are from independent suppliers and therefore the labelling will have a different name from Z Homme.

Something Borrowed Denim Faded Jeans

Something Borrowed
The Something Borrowed Denim Faded Jeans feature a waistband, traditional front fly and single button fastening, slim fit, belt loops, a back yoke, multiple snap buttons at the hems and a classic 5-pocket styling.